From Mongolia’s capital to remote settlements in Siberia, these seven destinations are known for winters that demand serious preparation. This list moves from severe cold to the most extreme cold among the selected places, with Oymyakon at the coldest end.

There is no simple, universally accepted ranking: average winter temperatures, record lows and the definition of an inhabited place can produce different results. Treat the order as a guide to famously cold destinations, not a precise scientific comparison, and check local conditions before making plans.

2Harbin, China

Harbin, China

In northeastern China, Harbin is known for its very cold winters and seasonal ice and snow attractions. Its architecture and local food also make it an appealing city break, while winter events and displays can vary from year to year.

Harbin has rail and air links, but check current schedules and the opening dates of seasonal attractions before travelling. Pack insulated footwear and gloves if visiting in winter; icy surfaces can make walking tiring, especially around busy event areas.